Corrections Accreditation Essay Example for Free

Corrections Accreditation Essay Corrections Accreditation this is a system of verification that correctional agencies and facilities comply with national standards promulgated by the American Association. Accreditation Correction, which developed the national stand to be used in granting organization accredited status, accreditations officially began in 1978. In essence it measures the organizations compliance with nationally accepted standard in the field, as maintained by the accreditation program. (Ch. 8 p179) I feel that corrections accreditation affect the professional development of the correction officers in a good way, this helps the officer to develop skills on a higher level, special training as well as high qualities of head and heart makes a good prison or reformatory officer. While accreditation seek comparable status for their employing organization, accreditation help set the standard for training both operational and management level positions. (Ch. 8 p178) Privatization is a private operated prison that houses prisoners for a profit; it’s closely related to other important issues in corrections over the last past two decades, the role of the private corporation in correction or more specifically, the private operation of secure prisons and jails. In 1980, no secure privately operated jails or prisons existed in America. By 2001, about 150-100 prisons and jails were open for business hold about 120,000 prisoner, or 6 percent of the jail and prison population. (Ch8 p 192) There is not much of a different when comparing privatized prisons to state and federal prisons, a lot of the private operate the same way and sometime mimic the state and federal prisons, they appear to perform at the same level of efficiency as the public facilities, although they tend to house a higher proportion of minimum-custody inmates in relatively new facilities, private prisons tend to have the staffing patterns, provide the same level of work, educatio n and counseling program, so I would have to say that the private prison meet the criteria well. (ch 8 p189) The private prisons have an effect on both the state and federal prisons, with funding  and financial problems a lot of businesses feel the economic bite, but not the private prison systems. These institutions are run for the purpose of turning of a profit, state and federal prisons are contracted out to private companies who are paid a fixed amount to house each prisoner per day, their profits result from spending the minimum amount of state or federal fund on each inmate, only to pocket the remaining capital, the more inmate the more money.(Global Research.com) Some of the way that the industry leader plan to better correctional officers professionalization and accreditation is to educate, training, and better training programs, all of this are key parts in professionalization. I feel that if they take some of the money that make and put back into the training programs this would be helpful for the institution in the outcome of furture of young officer, corrections accreditation help set the sandards for the professionalism and operation of prisons.

Rwanda: Mamdamis Argument and Suggestion for Reform :: essays research papers

â€Å"Hegel once said that how humans are distinguished from animals is the fact that they are willing to give life for a reason higher than life. He should have added that humans, unlike animals, are also willing to take life for a reason they consider higher than life† (Mamdani, 2001, 196). Why was America under terrorist attack on 9/11? Why was Hitler obeyed? Why did hundreds of thousands of ordinary Hutu kill hundreds of thousands of ordinary Tutsi in an attempted genocide that lasted 100 days? To answer these questions it is important to distinguish between who are the subordinate and superordinate groups involved. In order for an oppressed group to have complete political freedom, the oppressor must be exterminated. Mamdami attempts to explain why the genocide of 1994 occurred by comparing people who identified as either Hutu or Tutsi and how historical, geographical, and political components made these identities. A colonial term for genocide is â€Å"ethnic cleansing†, making the world new again so change can occur (Mamdani 12). HISTORY: To understand the Rwandan genocide, it is crucial to look at the historical events that lead up to 1994. The Hutu and Twa were the original inhabitants till the 1300’s when Tutsis’ migrated into Rwanda. By the 1600’s the king of Rwanda was Tutsi. In 1916, Belgian forces occupied Rwanda and Tutsi kings become indirect rulers. By 1957, Hutus’ develop political parties and in 1959 the Hutu’s force the Tutsi king and thousands of other Tutsis out of the country. A Hutu president comes to power in 1962 and in 1963, about 20,000 Tutsis are killed. Tutsi forces invade Rwanda from Uganda in 1990. Hutu Rwandan president attempts a peace treaty signing monitored by the UN in 1993 to share the power. In 1994 the Hutu president is killed by an unknown group and the genocide begins against the Tutsi lasting 100 days. Eight-hundred thousand Tutsis are murdered. (BBC.com) Of course, this is only a brief historical breakdown written from a eurocentric standpoint, but it does help explain the political identities of the opposing groups within Rwanda. The main motivators that drove Hutu groups to kill their Tutsi neighbors were, a.) The Hutu who killed were entitled to that Tutsi person’s property and material goods.

Legal Research

Samaritan Smith slipped and fell on shampoo that had spilled In the health and beauty department of the grocery store in question. Ms. Smith had suffered a broken hip from the incident and is going to be spending the next few months in physical therapy. Ms. Smith has no health insurance and is a single mother of a 2 year old boy. After our complaints were filed In the courts; the grocery store alleges that Ms. Smith had a duty herself to avoid the spillage, but was too distracted by her young son to notice. The store feels that Ms. Smith should be held just as responsible as hey are in the case.The question being presented today, Is If both parties Involved are equally responsible? Ms. Smith does in fact possibly hold some sort of comparative fault in this case. The grocery store did complete their scheduled aisle check Just thirty minutes before Ms. Smith slipped. INDO. Code Ann. 534-51-2-5 (WEST 1998) states that â€Å"In an action based on fault, any contributory fault chargeable to the claimant diminishes proportionately the amount awarded as compensatory damages for an injury attributable to the claimants contributory fault, but does not bar recovery†.There are several factors in that can place Ms. Smith with comparative fault. The biggest fact being that she was not paying attention, because she was dealing with her 2 year old son. It does not seem that the store is not at all responsible for the injuries she sustained. Yes, the aisle check was done at the scheduled time, but it was checked by an older gentleman that wore prescription glasses. As in Wall-Mart v. Wright, 774 EN ad 891 (2002) where Wright was found at comparative fault and awarded 30% less In damages, this too could be the case with Ms. Grants Ms.Smith states negligence on the grocery stores behalf, but she too had a duty to pay attention to her surroundings. The grocery store in question has documented proof of an aisle check being done at 1 p. M. The shampoo could have spilled anyt ime between 1:00 and 1:30 p. M. In conclusion Ms. Smith could very well hold some comparative fault if the grocery store can prove that she was distracted enough by her child, that she was unable to notice the spillage. [Where are the headings in your memo? I have no idea where your memo components are. ] Wall-Mart stores Inc. V. Got, 774 EN ad 891 (2002) Wright originally sued Wall-Mart for Injuries she sustained when she slipped and fell on a puddle of water in the â€Å"Outdoor Lawn and Garden Corral†. Wright insisted Wall-Mart was negligent in the maintenance and inspections of the premises. Wright was found at comparative fault for not doing her duty as an Individual and shopper and paying attention In an area of the store where it was common for water to be on the ground. Description Weighting Possible Points Points Earned Content Student located a statute from the appropriate Jurisdiction.The statute that the dent located is on the appropriate issue and applied to the fact situation. Student provided proper citation of statutes. Student located a case from the appropriate Jurisdiction that interprets the statute. 32 Sentence Mastery Sentences are consistently grammatical. Major sentence-level errors, including fragments, run-eons, and comma splices, are avoided. Sentences are graceful, I. E. , they can be read aloud without awkwardness, awkward pauses, or running out of breath. Language is rich, precise, and vivid. 6 Grammar and Mechanics Spelling is proficient. Spellchecker has been used to avoid egregious errors.Grammar and mechanics are sound, including mastery of the following key elements: subject-verb agreement; verb form; appropriate punctuation and capitalization; apostrophe use; appropriate word use. There are no extra words, and there are not missing words. Organization and Format Organization and structure are clear and easy to follow. Writing shows clear purpose and orderly transitions from beginning to end. Sentences consistently est ablish this organization and flow rather than interrupt it. Format meets PAPA guidelines and Bluebook rules as appropriate, including use of title pages.There is no playful experimentation with fancy fonts. It is written for the appropriate audience. Citation Style Writing shows both internal citations in the body of the text as well as a proper list of references at the end of the paper, following PAPA or Bluebook format. Citations appear consistently where needed, whether following quoted or paraphrased material in the text. Note: In papers requiring secondary sources, failure to provide any citation does not result in a deduction of 10% from the paper, but will result in a failed paper and a plagiarism investigation.Total: 100% 60] Possible Points [50] Points Earned Additional Instructor Comments: FRIAR for Samaritan Smith scenario Facts [Your own paraphrase of the facts of Smith's problem in one or two paragraphs. This goes to the Analysis section, so do not skimp. ] Issue [Your own statement of Smith's problem in a single sentence in yes or no format. For example, â€Å"Can Samaritan Smith recover for the damages she endured as the result of a slip and fall at a local grocery store where shampoo had leaked upon the floor? â€Å"] Rule The citations and holdings from the two cases you located (one in Unit Three and one

Relational Theory All About Relationships Essay - 718 Words

Relational Theory There has been some recent argument against the current understanding of the place of relationships in psychotherapy. While most theories argue that relationships are important or even essential to good mental health, other theorists claim that the way relationships are conceptualized in these theories is insufficient (Slife Wiggins, 2009). Most of these theories conceptualize the individuals first, and then talk about the way these individuals relate. Relationships are often understood as two or more independent self-contained individuals interacting (Slife Wiggins, 2009). An alternative way to look at relationships is offered by relational psychoanalysts and other theorists, though again it should be noted that†¦show more content†¦It takes two friends actively being friends to each other for the relational good of friendship to occur (Fowers, 2005). In real life there is no taking turns in â€Å"doing† friendship between friends because it is a shared good. When a client attends individual therapy, the focus is traditionally on the client and their internal thoughts, feelings, and perceptions. A relational therapy would encourage an inward look, but also a recognition that the goal of therapy is to help the client not to understand themselves through introspection, but to relate to others well and to experience belonging (Slife Wiggins, 2009). RACT theorizes that interpersonal problems are often what bring clients into the therapy room and good relational connections with the therapist and others is often what they are looking for. As Wachtel (2008) explains, relational therapy is less of an interview or an examination and more of a conversation. Relational therapy is a relationship and has the potential to be a good healing one as therapist and client(s) work towards common goals. It is important to note that it is the right type of relationships, rather than a large quantity of relationships which are the goal of relational therapy. An integration of ideas from structural family therapy helps us see that relationships can also be the source of many problems. In families, if there are imbalances or structural disorganization, the relationships are not able toShow MoreRelated Critique on Relational Dialectics Essays662 Words   |  3 PagesCritique on Relational Dialectics A Theory by Baxter and Montgomery Relational Dialectics concerns itself with trying to explain the intricacies of close interpersonal relationships such as those with a lover, close friend, or family. Written by two women, Leslie Baxter and Barbara Montgomery, it comes across a little more touchy-feely than other theories. This Humanist quality in the way it iw presented allows myself to critique Relational Dialectics in the following fashion. AccordingRead MoreRelational Dialectic Theory : Relational Theory1662 Words   |  7 PagesRelational Dialectic Theory American author and Professor at the University of Southern California, Leo F. Buscaglia; also known as the Dr. Love says, â€Å"A loving relationship is one in which the loved one is free to be himself — to laugh with me, but never at me; to cry with me, but never because of me; to love life, to love himself, to love being loved. Such a relationship is based upon freedom and can never grow in a jealous heart.† Relationships are shared with the people we cherish or care aboutRead More Relational Dialectics: A Research Report Essay633 Words   |  3 PagesRelational Dialectics: A Research Report This research of Relational Dialectics Theory refers to the book titled A Handbook of Personal Relationships, edited by Steve Duck. The title A Dialectical Perspective on Communication Strategies in Relationship Development, written by Lesile Baxter, presents the basic strategies for an ideal relationship . The theories in which Baxter discusses describe the communication actions that a coulpe must use to establish, maintain, and dissolve their personalRead MoreMultiple Theories Influenced The Development Of My Personal Model And Therapeutic Approach For Couples And Families1668 Words   |  7 Pagesmultiple theories have influenced the development of my personal model and therapeutic approach to couples and families. Three theories in particular that I draw my therapeutic approach from includes: narrative therapy, emotionally focused couple’s therapy, and attachment theory. I will articulate the theoretical underpinnings of these three theories and integrate them in one cohe sive personal model called Emotional Enhanced Attachment Narrative Therapy. This paper will discuss my approach in regardsRead MoreEssay on Relation Cultural Theory Development1631 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper analyzes my development in the context of Relational-Cultural Theory (RCT). Being older, I felt it appropriate to break my analysis up into three distinct phases: pre-adult (1-17 years of age), early-adult (18-30), and middle-adult (31 and on). In the pre-adult phase, I demonstrate a number of developmental deficiencies in RCT terms that handicapped my entry into adulthood. I then show the explosion of development that took place in my early-adult years that allowed me to begin operatingRead MoreThe Relational Dialectics Theory And The Genderlect Styles Theory1429 Words   |  6 Pagesbody language. All of these forms of communication affect our relationships and vary between men and women. Numerous communication theories have been established regarding relationships an d gender, but I will discuss two specific theories, the Relational Dialectics Theory and the Genderlect Styles Theory. One theory is based on the contradictions and interactions, which takes place in relationships. The other theory is based on the gender communication differences in relationships. When we canRead MoreRelationship Leadership Theory1167 Words   |  5 PagesDiscussion Questions 1. The readings for this unit explore several ideas about how leaders and followers form relationships, and the impact of those relationships on followers, leaders, and organizations. These include relational leadership theory (RLT), leader-member exchange theory (LMX), and direction-alignment-commitment (DAC). For your initial post for this discussion, compare two of these leadership models. Present your analysis of the similarities and differences of the models. Then, addressRead MoreCreating Positive Value From Personal Conflict1692 Words   |  7 Pagesunpredictability but it is possible when one studies all of the parts. Understanding human conflict patterns involve realizing that conflict is a self-organizing system, how reflected appraisals of self in the world work, the systematic view of self-control and relational power, and the way conflicts occur in patterned behavior. Creating Positive Value from Personal Conflict Experiences comes from understanding the intrinsic value of theory for conflict communication, the challenges of the socialRead MoreTransformational Leadership : A Transformational Leader1348 Words   |  6 PagesThe second subgenre that falls under the relational theory is known as transformational leadership. Transformational leadership is one of the four types of leadership styles defined in Daft’s textbook. The transformational leader is the one that cares most about the well-being of others just like the servant leader. A transformational leader is able to develop not only followers, but is also able to develop the overall vision of the company in a positive manner. De schamps (2016) found that, â€Å"TheRead MoreThe Breakfast Club : A Perfect Source For The Study Of Communication Theory1657 Words   |  7 PagesBreakfast Club† is a perfect source for the study of communication theory. It possesses the potential for numerous conversations regarding theories that even the most basic scholar of communication could discuss. For example, there are countless displays of symbolic convergence, symbolic interactionism, relational dialectics, cathartic scenes, identification, and social comparison. When viewing this movie it is hard to ignore these theories being put into practice. They constitute the framework of the

Comparison Essay Between Oedipus the King and Death of a...

Mohannad Zawi October 31st, 2011. You Should Probably Learn To Not Let Your Emotions Get The Best Of You There goes an old saying, â€Å"All anyone asks for is a chance to work with pride.† Well, it seems that some people work with almost too much pride. In order to consider the extent to which pride applies to Sophocles Oedipus The King and Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman, consider the following: Oedipus and Willy both take extreme pride in their professions, their pride blinds them from seeing the truth of their situations, and their pride ultimately leads to their own demise/downfall, all of these invoking pity. There are many ways that pride can be attributed to pity just from the situations of these characters. From these extreme†¦show more content†¦Oedipus: If I must question thee again, thourt lost.† Oedipus’s pride insistence makes him blind to the fact that people are telling him not to dig any deeper, as we know hell soon not like what he finds out. â€Å"Howard: This is n o time for false pride Willy. You go to your sons and tell them that you’re tired. You’ve got two great boys, haven’t you? Willy: Oh, no question, no question, but in the mean time...† Howard understands that Willy is using his pride to shield himself from the dangers of reality. If Willy hasnt used his false pride all the time, hed be able to live and get by. Willy and Oedipus are both blind to the truth and the realization of their situations, for if they werent so blind, their predicaments could be completely different. However, their blindness leads us to feel pity for them as we are able to see their faults and where they have done wrong. Their pride ultimately leads to their own downfall, which attributes to pity. â€Å"To wit I should defile my mothers bed and raise up seed too loathsome to behold, and slay the father from whose loins I sprang.† Oedipus, with the help of his pride, keeps digging himself deeper into a hole of self-regret. This is the true cause of his downfall. â€Å"I got a job, I told you that. [After a slight pause] What the hell are you offering me a job for?† When Willy is offered a job by Willy, Willy feels as if his pride was attacked. This was a job that Willy could have had to help with his moneyShow MoreRelatedQuest For Literary Form : The Greeks Believed That The Tragedy1742 Words   |  7 PagesAristotelian concept of tragedy. Among these dramatists was Arthur Miller, who advocates the modern concept of tragedy. (Miller, Pp. 1831) In his essay, â€Å"Tragedy and the Common man† Miller propounded his ideas contrary to the traditional tragedy concept. (Miller, Pp. 1831) He explained reasons for publishing â€Å"Death of a Salesman† and claimed that he instilled his character with a combination of feelings and experiences such as grief, unhappiness and little heroic acts. He representedRead More Willy Loman as Tragic Hero of Death of a Salesman Essay1519 Words   |  7 PagesWilly Loman as Tragic Hero of Death of a Salesman       Willy Loman, the title character of the play, Death of Salesman, exhibits all the characteristics of a modern tragic hero. This essay will support this thesis by drawing on examples from Medea by Euripedes, Poetics by Aristotle, Oedipus Rex by Sophocles, and Shakespeares Julius Caesar, while comments by Moss, Gordon, and Nourse reinforce the thesis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Death of Salesman, by Arthur Miller, fits the characteristics of classicRead MoreEssay Prompts4057 Words   |  17 PagesBarthes’ Observation, write an essay in which you analyze a central question the work raises and the extent to which it offers any answers. Explain how the author’s treatment of this question affects your understanding of the work as a whole. Avoid mere plot summary. You may select a work from the list below or another novel or play of comparable literary merit. Alias Grace Middlemarch All the King’s Men Moby-Dick Candide Obasan Death of a Salesman Oedipus Rex Doctor Faustus Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesSUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL 24 Diagnostic Survey and Exercises 24 Personal Assessment of Management Skills (PAMS) 24 What Does It Take to Be an Effective Manager? 28 SSS Software In-Basket Exercise 30 SCORING KEY AND COMPARISON DATA 42 Personal Assessment of Management Skills 42 Scoring Key 42 Comparison Data 42 What Does It Take to Be an Effective Manager? 43 SSS Software In-Basket Exercise 43 PART I 1 PERSONAL SKILLS 44 45 DEVELOPING SELF-AWARENESS SKILL ASSESSMENT 46 Diagnostic Surveys for

The Meaning Of Life Essay - 1609 Words

Feza Kamanzi Bill Lord ENG 111-351A December 6 Final Rough Draft The Meaning of Life In the world we live money, interest and pleasure are words more powerful than happiness. Not that they are not providing happiness but seems to be the only way to find a happy life. By happiness people these day mean success, joy in success. When asking people what they want in their life to be happy the majority respond â€Å"a lot of money†. The fact that those words take such important place in our lives makes a massive change in our society and our civilization around the world. Money is now the most important factor in our lives in many aspects. But does money really provide happiness? Since we are living in a society we create social contract to divide and share task, responsibilities and live in cohesion all together. To value this form of labor division, we create money, first it was only exchange of production between laborers and later it became the dollars we all know. For this evolution and perpetuation, we can see the impact of money on the population, â€Å"The first form of money was shared food, which for many centuries preceded the evolution of coinage†. (Needleman 152) Many of our habits and our everyday materials have somehow a connection with the holy religion, for example the first coin were printed on one side a sacred religious symbol and one the other side a more regular symbol or an authority symbol. As Needleman say money at first was symbolized the loving giving and takingShow MoreRelatedMeaning And Meaning In Life1147 Words   |  5 PagesLife has no meaning if you dont have the urge to wake up the next morning to see the next day. Ma ny people live their lives unhappy since they have no purpose or meaning to fulfill or satisfy their needs. Purpose to me is something to live for and something to look forward to in life. Without purpose and meaning in life there is no point of living at all. Recently in the existentialism unit we’ve been reading, I learned that without a passion to live, one’s life means nothing and is a waste of aRead MoreMeaning of Life1589 Words   |  7 PagesThe Meaning of Life Christopher Nieves Touro College Life is a gift. It is an honor, a spark, an excitement. We all have a world of our own.    Albert Camus, once said, â€Å"You will never be happy if you continue to search for what happiness consists of. You will never live if you are looking for the meaning of life† (Camus, 1946).    Life is about living to your fullest abilities. Why waste our time looking for the meaning of each breath we take? EachRead MoreMeaning of Life1425 Words   |  6 PagesThe Meaning of Life The meaning of life, defined by Victor E. Frankl, is the will to find your meaning in life. It is not the meaning of life in general, but rather the specific meaning of a persons life at a given moment. He believes that if you are approached with the question of what is the meaning of my life or in this case, life is meaningless, then you should reverse the question to that person asking the question. For example: What are you bringing to me? What are you as an individualRead MoreThe Meaning of Life826 Words   |  3 PagesThe meaning of Life? What is the true meaning of your existence in life? What’s the purpose of having life? I researched many peoples view on life and many of them said life was a beautiful thing, and they’re very happy to live their life. Some said they really don’t know why their living or what they are living for. Some didn’t even care at all because they knew they would eventually meet death soon or later, kind of similar to the character named Meursault in the book â€Å"TheRead MoreLife Is The True Meaning Of Life705 Words   |  3 PagesI believe that each different human being had their own definition of what gives their life a meaning. Some might say that a certain person is the meaning; some others might say that traveling is and discovering new places helps you have a meaning in life. Others might say that being healthy and having friends and family ir their meaning. And they all are right. Each one of us has their own reality and therefore th eir own definition, but what all of these have in common is that they make each personRead MoreMeaning of Life Essay1392 Words   |  6 PagesJermaine Smith Period 7 The True Meaning of Life What is the meaning of life? Well known Greek philosphers such as Socrates and Plato believed that our purpose in this life was to gain knowledge in preparation for the next life. Other Philosophers such as Epicurus believed that pleasure is the main goal in life. After giving these ideas lots of thought, I have come to my own conclusion that the true meaning of life is far more complex than either of these; far too complex for any humanRead MoreThe Real Meaning Of Life1511 Words   |  7 Pages The real meaning to life Since the beginning of humankind we have always strived to find answers to everything that has come to exist along in life with us or before us. Even though at any given time Life can throw us obstacles, we may face these moments which sometimes make us wonder why were we placed into this world. I believe as humans we will always hold a desire to try and understand every issue we encounter. Although the world can be a very cruel place to live in and, it can mentally damageRead MoreEssay on The Meaning of Life843 Words   |  4 PagesThe Meaning of Life My few years on this planet have been a bit confusing. I have learned of many aspects of life from which one can draw meaning, if indeed such meaning can be drawn. I have also learned that there can be no singular meaning of life to stand for us all, or even any one of us. What I have learned above all is that trying to put words to the meaning of life is a task of absolute absurdity. This is not to be confused with the idea that life has no meaning, for life certainlyRead MoreSocrates : The Meaning Of Life1154 Words   |  5 PagesThe original meaning of the word philosophy comes from the Greek roots philo- meaning love and -sophos, or wisdom. When someone studies philosophy they want to understand how and why people do certain things and how to live a good life. In other words, they want to know the meaning of life. Socrates was considered the father of ancient philosophy, and the wisest man in ancient Greece. Although he was eventually condemned for his wisdom, his spoken wo rds are still listened to and followed todayRead MoreMeaning to Life Essay1402 Words   |  6 PagesMeaning to Life Is there a meaning to life? First, to clear up any misunderstandings in the next few paragraphs you are about to read, I shall explain a few things. I am not talking about the individual people in our lives, that mean so much to us, or individual lives. That is a whole other matter. What I mean by the meaning of life, is the greater picture. There are people all over the world, doing their own thing, living their own lives, in their own areas. Is there a point to this? The

President Musharraf’s Validity and Endorsements by Supreme Court Free Essays

Written by: Afreen Baig Chronological record of events, that validates President Musharraf’s election as President and subsequent endorsements by Supreme Court http://presidentmusharraf. wordpress. com/2009/02/01/musharraf-validity-by-supreme-court/ 1- On 13 May 2000, Pakistan’s 12 member Supreme Court unanimously validated the October 1999 coup and granted Musharraf executive and legislative authority for 3 years from the coup date. We will write a custom essay sample on President Musharraf’s Validity and Endorsements by Supreme Court or any similar topic only for you Order Now Justice Iftikhar Chaudhry was one of the judges that validated. (Link) 2- On 7 October 2002, the 5 member bench of Supreme Court validated LFO and amendments to constitution. Justice Iftikhar Chaudhry was one of the judges that validated. (Link) 3- On 29 Dec 2004, PML-Q government passed the 17th constitutional amendment bill in National Assembly, with 2/3 majority, also approved by Senate that allowed President Musharraf to hold dual offices. (Link) 4- Constitution of Pakistan – Article 63 clause (1) paragraph (d), read with proviso to Article 41 clause (7) paragraph (b), allows the President to hold dual office. 5- On 13 April 2005, the 5 member bench of Supreme Court gave judgment in favor of 17th amendment and President’s uniform. Justice Iftikhar Chaudhry was one of the judges that validated. (Link) 6- On 28 September 2007, the Supreme Court cleared the way for President Pervez Musharraf to seek another five-year term, and stand for Presidential elections, when six of the nine judges, rejected a tangle of petitions against him and threw out a major legal challenge to his re-election plans. Presided by Justice Rana Bhagwandas. (Link) 7- President Musharraf was elected President of Pakistan, on 6th October 2007, by a combined electoral of the Senate, National Assembly and the FOUR Provincial Assembles. – President of Pakistan declared emergency on 3rd November 2007, as per Article 232 of the constitution. 9- The 10 member bench of Supreme Court (SC) on 24 November 2007 directed the chief election commissioner and the government to declare Pervez Musharraf president for a second term. (Link) 10- On 24 November 2007, the Pakistan Election Commission confirmed Musharraf’s re-election as President. (L ink) 11- President Musharraf won by 58% votes, declared in November 2007, as the constitutional President of Pakistan! 2- On 28 November 2007, Musharraf relinquished the office of Chief of Armed Staff, as per November 2007 verdict of the Supreme Court. 13- On 15 Feb 2008, the Supreme Court validated the proclamation of emergency of 3rd Nov 2007, PCO 2007 and oath of the judges. This full court judgment was written by Chief Justice Abdul Hameed Dogar. (Link) These facts above raise serious questions regarding the credibility of those so-called political intellects and experts of judicial matters that appear on media talk shows, accusing President Musharraf of violating the constitution, thereby seeking to apply Article-6 on him. They do so, merely for publicity and self exposure, overlooking the role of the Judiciary all along and misguiding the public to zenith. They should know that the Parliament and the Supreme Court, has approved and endorsed every single decision taken by President Musharraf. President Musharraf – being the President of Pakistan was the rightful authority to sign amendments to the constitution, after being approved by the Senate. Article 270-AA of the constitution gives full protection to the 17th amendment and the 1999 coup, which cannot be called into question in any court of the country on any ground what-so-ever. The 17th amendment was approved by the National Assembly by 2/3 majority and made into law, as part of the constitution. Then, the Constitution (Amendment) Order, 1980, (P. O. No. 1 of 1980) section 2 clauses (3A), (3B) and (3C) give full protection and immunity to Martial Law Regulation made by the Chief Martial Law Administrators, any sentence passed by a Military Court or Tribunal, Chief Martial Law Administrator or a Martial Law Administrator or any person acting under the authority of either, and cannot be called into question in any court. Then, Article 248 clauses (1) (2) (3) (4) of the constitution, protects the President, and he shall not be answerable to any court for the exercise of powers and performance of functions of his respective office, no criminal proceedings whatsoever shall be instituted or continued against the President or a Governor in any court during his term of office and no process for the arrest or imprisonment of the President or a Governor shall issue from any court during his term of office. All of President Musharraf’s decisions were according to the constitution, approved by the supreme Parliament and endorsed by the Supreme Court. Despite these above mentioned facts and articles as per the constitution, if those prejudiced intellects and revenge seeking politicians, call to apply Article-6 on President Musharraf, then they should know the article in full. Article-6 clause (2): Any person aiding or abetting the acts mentioned in clause (1) shall likewise be guilty of high treason. Which clearly indicates – that the Supreme Court and the Parliament itself that approved and endorsed the events from 1999 till 2007 shall be held equally responsible, for abetting, if a case ever arises. Yet, as Article-6 itself is NOT a self governing article, that could decide and instigate itself automatically, hence Article-6 provides a clause, leaving it to the supreme Parliament to decide, if and whenever, such a case arises and is brought to the attention of the Parliament. Article-6 clause (3): [Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] shall by law provide for the punishment of persons found guilty of high treason. Other than the supreme Parliament, no other institution can approve nor apply Article-6. Afreen Baig is an independent analyst majoring in International Relations and Economics. She can be reached at afreenbaig@gmail. com (c) PRESIDENT MUSHARRAF http://presidentmusharraf. wordpress. com/2009/02/01/musharraf-validity-by-supreme-court/ How to cite President Musharraf’s Validity and Endorsements by Supreme Court, Papers